What is a reefer container?

Reefer containers, or cool tank containers, are specialist refrigerated tank containers designed to transport perishable goods while maintaining specific temperature ranges. Reefers are an essential piece of equipment in the logistics sector, especially during deep-sea transport, as they keep temperature-sensitive cargo such as fruits, vegetables, dairy, pharmaceuticals, and seafood in optimal condition throughout their journey. This innovation has extended the shelf life of various goods, preventing them from spoiling and keeping customers happy.

Reefer containers come in various sizes but generally follow standard shipping container dimensions, making them compatible with various shipping and storage systems worldwide. 

In this article, we delve into the details of reefer containers and explain how they could make your business more efficient by protecting your goods in transit.

Key features of reefer tank containers at a glance

• Temperature control: Precise temperature settings to suit the specific needs of the cargo
• Thermal insulation: High-quality insulation materials to minimize heat transfer
• Humidity control: Systems to regulate moisture levels, essential for certain goods
• Integrated monitoring systems: Tools to track temperature and humidity, ensuring compliance during transport
• Portability: Designed to be easily loaded onto ships, trucks, and rail cars
• Energy efficiency: Optimized for lower fuel consumption while maintaining performance
• Durability: Built to withstand harsh conditions and prolonged use over time.

How reefer containers work

Unlike standard shipping containers, reefer containers are equipped with advanced cooling technologies that keep the temperature inside the unit under control, in line with the type of cargo being transported.

These not only provide temperature control but also protect the load against environmental factors such as humidity, air circulation, and exposure to ambient temperatures. Reefers include insulated walls that prevent thermal transfer, which makes them ideal for transporting goods such as food products, pharmaceuticals, and other perishable items that require a stable temperature environment.

Reefer containers represent a blend of technology and logistics, crucial for modern supply chains. They use sophisticated temperature control mechanisms to maintain a stable internal climate, whatever the conditions are outside. The cooling system can be powered by various methods, including electric or generator-powered systems. These ensure that the temperature remains within a pre-defined range, fundamental for preventing spoilage and ensuring that products reach their destination in the best condition.

Understanding the principles of physics – i.e. heat rises and cold moves downward – is essential when mounting a reefer unit or cool tank unit on a reefer tank container. We advise placing the cooling channels at the top of the container for effective cooling, rather than on the sides to minimize the risk of punctures during handling. These cooling channels are best installed when manufacturing a new container, but you can also retrofit them onto a reefer tank container later if necessary.

How to use reefer containers effectively:

1. Determine the specific temperature requirements for your cargo.
2. Ensure that the reefer container is pre-cooled to the desired temperature before loading.
3. Inspect the container for any damage and ensure it is clean and dry.
4. Load the cargo systematically, allowing for proper airflow within the container.
5. Seal the container securely to minimize temperature loss during transit.
6. Monitor the temperature regularly during transit using the container’s built-in sensors.
7. Unpack the cargo in good time to maintain its quality and prevent spoilage.

Sizes available and goods transported

Reefer containers are most commonly available in 20 ft lengths, but there are also high-cube options available for increased capacity. The maximum capacity of these containers is usually 24,000 litres due to insulation requirements. If your shipment doesn’t involve deep-sea traffic, consider an oversized version of the UN portable tank instead.

The ability to maintain precise temperature control during transit ensures that goods arrive in optimal condition, making reefer containers a vital component of modern supply chains. It’s no surprise that reefer containers are a top choice for companies wanting to preserve their products effectively.

Products that reefers are commonly used for include:

• Fresh fruits and vegetables
• Meat and poultry
• Dairy products
• Seafood
• Frozen foods
• Pharmaceuticals
• Flowers and plants.

One key market for reefer tank containers is the beer industry. Reefer tank containers designed for beer transport are equipped with additional features to maintain product quality, such as a CO2 connection, internal wash line to rinse the interior of the tank after discharge, and a special manlid below the liquid level to prevent contamination.

Maintaining reefer containers for optimal performance

To keep your reefer containers in ship shape, they need to be rigorously maintained through regular inspections and proactive servicing. Proper maintenance not only prevents reefers from breaking down but also ensures that the quality of the temperature-sensitive cargo can be kept in top condition. Neglecting the upkeep of reefer containers can lead to unexpected costs and detrimental impacts on the goods you are transporting.

Essential maintenance steps:

1. Conduct regular temperature checks to ensure optimal performance.
2. Inspect insulation for leaks or damage to maintain temperature integrity.
3. Clean the container’s interior and exterior to prevent contamination.
4. Service the refrigeration unit according to the manufacturer’s guidelines.
5. Monitor humidity levels to prevent mould and spoilage.
6. Ensure adequate airflow within the container for uniform temperature distribution.
7. Train staff on proper loading techniques to avoid overburdening the system.

By following these steps, you can minimize the risk of equipment failure and ensure that temperature-sensitive cargo arrives safely and in prime condition.

Routine temperature monitoring is essential to maintaining the right environment for your reefer cargo. Regular temperature checks, preferably at multiple points within the container, help identify any fluctuations that may lead to spoilage or damage. Frequent assessments also allow you to take corrective action immediately if the temperature deviates from the acceptable range. Implementing alarms or alerts can further enhance the monitoring process, helping to safeguard the integrity of the cargo transported.

On top of temperature checks, establishing effective cleaning procedures is crucial for hygiene. A thorough cleaning routine protects your cargo from contamination and preserves the sanitized environment within the container. This includes not only the interior surfaces but also the refrigeration unit itself, as residue can build up and impact performance. Implementing a clear protocol for cleaning after every use will keep your reefer container in optimal condition, ready for the next cargo.

Key takeaways

Reefer containers not only help to transport temperature-sensitive goods, but also play a vital role in maintaining the quality and safety of products. Their efficiency can significantly influence the bottom line for businesses that rely on them for transporting perishables.

By implementing best practices when operating reefer containers, you can enhance your logistical operations. This includes proper loading techniques, maintaining optimal temperature settings, and routinely checking refrigeration units. Investing in training for staff to handle these containers can lead to reduced spoilage and improved delivery timelines.

As the demand for fresh and perishable products continues to rise, reefer containers will remain an indispensable link in the global logistics supply chain.

The experts in reefer tank containers

Tankcon can offer advice on the right reefer container for you. We first need to understand your product’s specifics and know the required product temperature during loading and transport and the expected ambient temperature, as well as the transit time and mode. We can then determine whether the reefer unit needs to cool only, or to both cool and heat the product.

We work with top-tier suppliers like Loebbe and Klinge, as well as world-class manufactures of tank containers. With our combined expertise, we can offer the best possible solution for your product.

Is a reefer container the right solution for you?

Struggling to keep your perishables fresh during transit or storage? We have the expertise to combine a 20 ft ISO tank container with a temperature-controlled reefer units to keep your product at the right temperature.

Get in touch with the Tankcon team today to find the right solution for you.